ABSTRACT
Tissue culture techniques have been employed for orchid mass propagation by means of themorphogenetic route of protocorm like-bodies (PLBs). This study aimed to analyze and compare Indoleaceticacid (IAA) and sugar endogenous levels in protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) induction and developmentin Cattleya tigrina, in order to better understand this process and to optimize micropropagation procedureprotocols. Leaves grown on MS (Murashige and Skoog) culture medium, suplemented with 9 μM TDZfor PLBs induction and development were collected after 0, 2, 7, 14, 30, 60 and 100 days of cultivation, forfurther analysis. Increase of IAA and reduction of sugar levels are strongly related to morphogeneticresponse, that is, PLBs formation over the preexisting ones and leaf primordia formation. Sucrose, fructoseand glucose presence in this study is related to cell signaling. Thus, hormonal signals and carbohydratesalter metabolism, triggering PLBs initiation and development in C. tigrina.
Técnicas de cultura de tecidos têm sido empregadas para a propagação em massa de orquídeaspor meio da via morfogenética de estruturas semelhantes a protocormos (ESPs). O estudo teve comoobjetivo analisar e comparar os níveis endógenos de ácido indol-3-acético (AIA) e de açúcares na indução eno desenvolvimento de estruturas semelhantes a protocormos (ESPs) em Cattleya tigrina, visando à melhorcompreensão deste processo e à otimização de protocolos de micropropagação. Folhas cultivadas em meiode cultura MS (Murashige & Skoog), suplementadas com 9 μM de TDZ para indução e desenvolvimentode ESPs foram coletadas após 0, 2, 7, 14, 30, 60 e 100 dias de cultivo, para posterior análise. O aumento dosníveis de AIA e a redução dos níveis de açúcar estão fortemente relacionados à resposta morfogenética, ouseja, à formação de ESPs sobre os pré-existentes e à formação de primórdios foliares. A presença desacarose, frutose e glicose neste estudo está relacionada à sinalização celular. Assim, sinais hormonais ecarboidratos alteram o metabolismo, desencadeando a iniciação e o desenvolvimento de ESPs em C. tigrina.
Subject(s)
Orchidaceae/enzymology , Orchidaceae/metabolism , Indoleacetic Acids/classificationABSTRACT
Los híbridos de Phalaenopsis tienen una gran importancia económica a nivel mundial, como flor cortada y planta ornamental, debido a sus flores vistosas y a la capacidad de adaptación a diferentes condiciones ambientales. Las técnicas de cultivo in vitro resultan indispensables para mejorar la eficacia germinativa, el crecimiento y desarrollo de orquídeas con fines comerciales e investigativos. En esta investigación se determinó el medio de cultivo más apropiado para la germinación in vitro de un híbrido de Phalaenopsis. Inicialmente se evaluó la viabilidad de las semillas utilizando la prueba de tetrazolio (TZ). Las semillas se desinfectaron y se cultivaron aplicando el método de la jeringuilla. El porcentaje de viabilidad en promedio fue de 92,2 % (P≤ 0,05: Tukey HSD), con un porcentaje de germinación entre todos los medios de 95,1 % (P≤ 0,05: Tukey HSD). El medio de cultivo más eficiente para la germinación de híbridos de Phalaenopsis a las 18 semanas de cultivo fue el Murashige & Skoog (MS) suplementado con agua de coco, y jugo de piña con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (P≤ 0,05: Tukey HSD), con respecto a los demás medios de cultivo, contribuyendo de esta manera al uso de componentes orgánicos con el fin de mejorar la germinación y desarrollo de Phalaenopsis.
The Phalaenopsis hybrids have a significant economic importance throughout the world, as ornamental flower or plant. It is because of its attractive flowers and its adaptation capacity into different environments. The different culture media in vitro are vital to improve the efficacy of germination, growing and development of the Orchids for commercial and research purposes. In this research, the most appropriated medium for in vitro propagation of Phalaenopsis hybrid was determined. At first, the seeds viability was evaluated by using tetrazolium test (TZ). The seeds were disinfected and cultivated by means of the syringe method. The viability percentage average was 92.2 % (P≤ 0.05: Tukey HSD), with a percentage of germination of 95.1 % (P≤ 0.05: Tukey HSD) in all the environments. The most efficient culture Medium for Phalaenopsis hybrid phenological development, at 16 weeks, was Murashige & Skoog (MS). Coconut water and pineapple juice were used as supplement showing statistically significant differences (P≤ 0,05: Tukey HSD), in comparison with the other culture media, contributing this way to the usage of organic components, which will be employed to improve the germination and development of the Phalaenopsis.